Antiferroelectrics: History, fundamentals, crystal chemistry, crystal structures, size effects, and applications

Antiferroelectric (AFE) materials are of great interest owing to their scientific richness and utility in high-energy density capacitors. Here, the history AFEs is reviewed, characteristics antiferroelectricity phase transition an AFE material described. energetically close ferroelectric (FE) phases, thus both electric field strength applied stress (pressure) influence nature transition. With comparable energetics between FE there can be a competition frustration these either incommensurate and/or glassy (relaxor) structures may observed. The also influenced by crystal/grain size, particularly at nanometric dimensions, tuned through formation solid solutions. There have been extensive studies on perovskite family materials, but many other crystal host behavior, such as CuBiP2Se6. applications include DC-link capacitors for power electronics, defibrillator capacitors, pulse devices, electromechanical actuators. paper concludes with perspective future needs opportunities respect discovery, science, AFE.